ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) became, and still an important and critical element during the covid-19 pandemic, and this paper was written within that framework, as it proposes a synchronized medical IoT platform that is used to monitor citizens' access to public areas, and where the access is only authorized if one of the three following conditions is fulfilled: Be vaccinated (which is verified via a QR code), having a negative PCR test (valid for only 48 hours), undergoing a body temperature measurement. Of course, a confirmation of identity with a facial recognition test is mandatory. This automatic process will allow us to reduce the possibility of spreading the disease due to the congestion of the checkpoints, as well as to detect citizens who could be potential patients of the covid-19 virus. © The Authors.
ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the fruit of our research by merging smart transportation and smart health to provide IoT transportation solutions based on green smart city intelligence and safety to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, we have realized a model that allows transporting citizens via a means of transportation based on electric mobility to reduce energy consumption, reduce CO 2 emission and cost by searching the optimal path that this vehicle will be used. And to transport people, we need a system that allows us to check the health situation of citizens to avoid and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to find solutions to this work, we have proposed approaches to calculate the most optimal path that meets our needs, as well as to propose scenarios that allow checking the situation of the citizens. And to complete this work with minimum consumption of memory and time, we made a comparative study on the nodes used for the different IoT network topologies to choose the best one for our platform. Concerning the communication, we chose to use the CoAP protocol to ensure the communication between the nodes, and we used the AES-SHA256 encryption algorithm to compare it with RSA-SHA256 to ensure the elements of security and protection the data from any intrusion. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Our work revolves around creating and developing a medical platform that acts on the citizen’s right to access a public space by differentiating between vaccinated and those who have done the PCR test to avoid the fast spread of the covid-19 virus. In this scope, three algorithms were applied to complete this platform: the first one serves to verify the citizens who are vaccinated, the second allows to see and check the validity of the PCR test for people who are not vaccinated, and, finally, the third algorithm serves to check the temperature and the identity of citizens. This last algorithm is applied when the citizen is not vaccinated or does not have the PCR test. For this project, we used four IoT nodes to run our platform in real time: a Passive infrared (PIR) client node, a temperature sensor, a RFID tag, and a camera client node. We also used artificial intelligence for facial recognition, which will allow us to verify the citizen’s identity. We applied the Constrained Application Protocol to ensure a fluid communication between the platform’s nodes, the integrity, and the confidentiality of the data shared. We secured payloads with two encryption algorithms which are Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256-bit and Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)-SHA256. The security of the database’s information is also an important aspect;thus, the use of the AT2 blockchain will allow us to strengthen the security of the database against any network attack. As for the network topology, we have opted for the cluster-tree topology, and that is after a study that showed us it is the best in terms of execution time, memory occupation, and energy consumption and even for the reliability of the communication. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Being in a period of covid-19 urges us to develop platforms that help in minimizing the spread of the virus. Thus, this paper proposes a Medical IoT platform that is created to control citizens’ access to public areas. Our platform focuses on three scenarios on which a citizen is admitted to: being vaccinated which means that the person holds a vaccine pass that contains a unique QR code, possessing a PCR test which means that the person holds a unique barcode, and having an RFID tag which contains a unique identifier. All scenarios start with the same test which allows us to detect the presence of a citizen using a PIR IoT Client node, and end with one last test which is the face recognition to verify the present citizen is indeed who he/she claims to be. Only if one of the scenarios is valid can the citizen be allowed to access the public space. To ensure communication between the IoT nodes we developed our platform based on the Constrained Application Protocol CoAP. As for the security of the payloads, we have implemented RSA, AES, and ECC encryption algorithms to protect the integrity of the data and prevent any attacks. We also based our platform on 4 types of network topologies namely star, tree, mesh, and cluster. The use of different topologies and different encryption methods will allow us to eventually choose which one best matches the platform’s requirements, and that is in terms of execution time and memory occupation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The product of this work is based on the creation of a medical IoT platform that serves to control citizens to access public or private space to prevent the spread of the covid-19 pandemic. Our platform discusses 3 scenarios in which a citizen can be allowed to: the first scenario is used to verify citizens who are vaccinated by their QR Code and facial authentication, the second scenario is used to verify citizens who have done a PCR test (which is only valid for 48 h) and the facial recognition test as well, and finally we have the third scenario which starts by measuring the body temperature and then verifying the identity by presenting an RFID number and passing the facial recognition test. This platform is implemented on 4 types of network topologies (Star, Tree, Mesh, Cluster) to choose which one best matches our platform’s needs in terms of execution time, memory occupation, and energy consumption. Since this platform is secure and intelligent, we opted for using the CoAP communication protocols to ensure communication between the nodes. We used the AES/RSA-SHA256 encryption algorithm to ensure data security and protection from any attacks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.